The first examples of wall paintings can be called a rock painting of the Neolithic period. Even leading a primitive way of life, a person aspired not only to capture what he saw around, but to make these pictures the decoration of the home. At the heart of each figure were only four colors, pigments of which could be obtained by simple processing of natural materials. Mostly they portrayed the hunt, since this process occupied the lion's share of the time of the primitive man and became the meaning of his life. There are also magnificent examples of early abstractionism: chaotic handprints on arches and walls, creating a single artistic composition. The person improved, and along with it the mastery of painting developed. The real "cradle" of this art form was Ancient Egypt. Frescos were performed in a manner of laconicism, which was compensated by the monumentality of the structures decorated by them. The Egyptians were hardworking and thorough people. The secrets of the compositions for painting and the basics of this science were carefully preserved and passed on to the next generations. The central figure of wall paintings became a man or deities in his guise. The latter from mere mortals were distinguished by animal heads and paraphernalia that helped fulfill their destiny (feather Maat, Anubis wand with a dog's skin).
Preparation of a wall for interior painting
The preparatory stage of the surface is conventionally divided into several steps:
- Removing the layer of the old coating;
- Zamazyvanie slits and alignment of defects. Degreasing and plastering;
- Primer after the surface dries. This layer will provide a good hitch between the paints and the wall;
- Finishing the leveling with the putty and applying an additional primer coat.
After the wall has dried, it will be ready for painting.
To strengthen the layer of plaster, it is recommended to use reinforcing mesh.
Paints for painting walls in the interior
For the painting of walls several types of paints are used, each of which has a special composition that determines the characteristics of the substance. Gone are the days when artists independently selected and mixed pigments, and recipes carefully guarded against the encroachments of competitors from the art world. So, for painting use the following types of paints:
- Oil, where the binder is drying oil, oil. Gradually disappear into the past, as working with them will require certain skills. The technology of mixing them does not lend itself to everyone, either. On the surface, the oil will "live" less than modern analogues. The reason for this is lime and alkali salts, which are contained in the material of the walls. They break up the oil with time. Paints do not like dark rooms and quickly turn yellow without light, but it rests well on wooden surfaces. The main advantage of oil is long drying. Since this process is stretched for several days, the artist can make adjustments to the drawing if necessary.
- Tempera (binder-emulsion). The paints dry fairly quickly, and several layers make it possible to create a volume composition effect. Tempera is recommended to be covered with varnish on top, for obtaining deep shades. The latter, by the way, lighten slightly after drying.
- Acrylic (binder - acrylic resins). Modern material that is popular. The colors quickly dry, do not contain toxic substances in the composition and form a strong film on the surface. It is similar to the plastic protective "crust". Acrylic is not afraid of light or its absence. If the paints are of high quality, the pattern will last at least 10-15 years. In addition to conventional formulations, fluorescent, fluorescent additives are used. Also produce pearl or metallized acrylic.
Before buying expensive paints, listen to the advice of a professional of their choice. So, for example, it is recommended to start with acrylic, and practice on gouache, which in work is remotely similar to it.
Do not forget to buy a set of brushes. They will be needed to create any paintings, except abstract. It is recommended to pay more for brushes made of wool ponies or proteins, since they are softer and do not leave traces of fallen hairs on the surface. The set should have instruments of different thicknesses to create individual elements of the composition.
Used techniques when creating a painting
The painting can be created in various techniques, among which the most popular and spectacular ones are noted:
- The fresco and the alsecco close to it;
- Bulk painting (similar to bas-relief) and sgraffito;
- Aerography;
- Pictures with fluorescent acrylic;
- Grisaille. It will require high skill, since it is performed in one color of different saturation. The technique is similar to the graphics.
It is worth noting the method using stencils. The option is ideal for beginners who are not confident in their abilities and are afraid to put the first stroke on the prepared wall.
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Aerography
In this technique, instead of brushes and paints, use an airbrush balloon. It sprays the contents above the surface, even its name translates as "drawing by air". Dyes in airbrushing use liquid and powder, but more popular is water-soluble acrylic. Lay composition on any surface, even on wallpaper. Work will have to be in the respirator. It is not enough to master the technique from the first "pshika". Before painting it is necessary to be trained to adapt to an unusual way. Airbrush allows you to draw even tiny details, thereby providing a high detail of the picture. By the way, similar techniques were owned even by ancient artists who blew a dye from special tubes.
Fresco
Technique of fresco from the Middle Ages is used for interior design. The essence of the method is to apply paints to the still not dried plaster. It consists of lime, which forms a strong calcium film on the surface of the figure. The drawback of the method is the need to work very quickly. For this reason, it is not recommended to resort to the technique of novice artists who only master the art of painting. For the work, water-soluble paints are used.
Alsekko is like a mural. Paints are applied to the already dried but newly moistened surface.
Painting with fluorescent paints
Fluorescent paints have a special feature - a glow in the dark. Use transparent or colored compounds. The first days are generally invisible as well as the drawing. Colored in the daytime look like ordinary paints, which painted, and at night they transform the walls with a pleasant glow. Quite often, fluorescent compositions decorate drawings made with acrylic or tempera. They emphasize the emphasis elements. Fluorescent composition is absolutely safe for humans, it does not release toxic substances. Such colors are recommended to depict simple landscapes without an abundance of small details.
Volumetric painting
Volumetric technology combines the process of modeling with coloring. The prepared surface is first applied to plaster or plaster. Form relief from the still not dried material relief elements. Then, after drying, stucco is colored. There is another technique called sgraffito. A native way from Italy. Several layers of colored plaster are successively applied to the wall. After it dries out with a special sharp tool, you begin to scratch out the pattern. The result is a relief image, which, as practice shows, will last for more than one year.
Use of stencils
Stencils are the best help in situations where imagination paints fantastic landscapes, and their hands can not repeat. Also, the device is used when it is necessary to depict a multitude of similar elements in order to shorten the work time. Perform stencils are usually made of plastic. Plates are laundered after use and they are ready for reuse.
Painting with acrylic paints
Acrylic is considered the most convenient material for beginners. His color "assortment" is rich, and the composition is completely safe for humans. Acrylic can be washed off if necessary, if you want to adjust individual details of the painting. Gradually, after you start to fill your hand, it is recommended to use combinations of techniques to improve skills.
Selecting a picture
The figure must match the stylistic decision and the color palette of the room. Particular attention is paid to its location. From what wall will be accent, depends on the perception of the entire interior. In the loft apply "smoky" pictures and graffiti on brick walls. Painting is performed in the airbrushing technique. Romantic style Provence loves plant motifs. Bunches of wildflowers, peonies, roses, lilies will be the best addition for the interior of the French hinterland. In modern times, often repeat masterpieces of painting, which at one time decorated ladies' boudoirs and luxurious salons in a style characteristic of style. The inimitable art deco gives preference to fine ligatures and ornate ornaments. The Japanese style and the minimalism, which is close to him in spirit, allow them to be painted thematic for their native country: orchids, pagodas, sakura branches. There are practically no restrictions in the ethnic direction. If the interior imitates a bungalow in the tropics, then the images of the sea and palm trees will be very handy, but for African motifs in painting use trees with characteristic crowns, elephants, "dried" landscape. In addition to style, it is worth taking into account the functional purpose of the room.
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In the living room
In the living room росписью обычно исправляют недостатки. К примеру, для маленькой комнаты актуально применение рисунка с перспективой: тропинки, террасы или дорожки, уходящие в бескрайнюю даль. Роспись может заменить установку колонн или пилястр, и при этом облагородить классическое оформление. Камин — уютный центр любого зала. Не всегда удается установить даже его имитацию, что уж говорить об оригинале. Расписной элемент на стене с реалистичными язычками пламени станет замечательным интерьерным дополнением.
In the bedroom
The bedroom is used exclusively for relaxation, so every piece of the interior of this room should be designed for comfort and relaxation. In the mural, natural motifs usually prevail. Landscapes, water world panoramas, green grass or bright-colored heads will help calm down and prepare for a sound sleep. Painting, as a rule, a wall above the head of the bed, since in most cases it is accented. In this same room, the ceilings are also often decorated in a similar way. Do not advise to resort to dark tones that will make the room visually less and will psychologically put pressure on the owners.
In the nursery
In children's rooms it is recommended to use fluorescent paints for painting. Such a "luminous" coating will create a real fairy tale in the room. For the boy the pictures with motives of space will approach. For the girl create a more gentle landscapes: interiors of castles, magical landscapes. Painting is also used for zoning space. The corner for reading and studying can be decorated with a picture depicting the trees of "wisdom" with books on branch-shelves. Focus on soft, calm tones. A tasteless potpourri of bright colors will not contribute to either a sleep or a learning process.
In the kitchen
In the kitchen, the painting is usually decorated with a dining area. Represent subjects for this premise: plates, bread, sweets, cups with coffee or tea, spices. Organic here will look culinary paintings, consisting of different dishes and "juicy" still lifes. In small kitchens, painting should reveal space, creating a three-dimensional illusion. Widely used images of French terraces, neat Italian streets, picturesque landscapes. To extend the life of the painted surface, do not recommend placing an accent near the stove or sink. This neighborhood will quickly spoil the decorative surface.
Conclusion
Painting refers to one of the oldest methods of decoration. It was perfected over many centuries. A complex path of development began in the primitive images of hunting humans and led to a fantastically scaled fresco decorating the arches of the Sistine Chapel. Similar monuments of art were created for years. Now all the necessary tools and compositions can be bought already ready, and all that is required of the artist is patience and talent. Armed with them to create a unique interior masterpiece within the framework of your own picture, which will become a symbol of victory over yourself and the pride of the author.
