The cultivation of land, the cultivation of vegetables and fruits in suburban areas, perhaps, a favorite activity for villagers and owners of country lands. And what kind of Russian cellar does without homework? In France they store wines, and in our country barrels with soaked apples and sauerkraut, three-liter rows of compotes and pickles, slender rows of jars with salads and jam. And all this culinary splendor, gleaming with glass sides, is traditionally collected from its gardens and gardens. Simply because it is so useful, without GMOs and nitrates. After all, for the products grown by their own hands, the landlady can vouch.
The main purpose of registration - the systematization of beds, areas under shrubs, garden area, a greenhouse complex or greenhouse, a recreation area. The design of the garden is developed on the basis of the already existing stylistic picture of the site. It is preliminary embodied in a general landscape design. The latter combines the design of a house or dacha, a courtyard, a children's playground, a garage, a bathhouse and other outbuildings that are located in the property.
How to choose a place for a vegetable garden
Experienced gardener advise first of all to pay attention to the nature of the area. You can not have beds on the slope, in the lowland or vice versa on a hill. In each of the options there will be problems with moisture: its overabundance or shortage. The optimal solution for the location of the garden is the plain. Also it is worth paying attention to the degree of illumination of the site by the sun. To prevent plants from experiencing a lack of natural light, they should luxuriate under it at least 8-10 hours a day. The next step will be soil analysis, which will help determine its acidity and type (sandy, loam, sandy loam, clay).
Depending on the nature of the soil, not only the suitable place is chosen, but also the types of plants that will acclimate on it. In the first years, the garden economy does not occupy a hundred square meters. Firstly, it's easier for beginners to care for a small area. Secondly, the truckman will take time to assess the yield, determine the correctness of the choice made. Initially, the beds are given a simple rectangular shape, and between them leave small paths. To complete the planning and arrangement should proceed after two or three years. Test beds can be moved easier than moving the "interior" of the garden.
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Design of a garden with beds
Each piece of land on which a certain kind of plant is grown is called a garden bed. Initially, their height does not exceed 10-20 cm. It is more difficult to care for low lands, but it is easier to move them if necessary. After a couple of years, their height is freely increased to 50 cm. Planning beds is the breaking up of the garden into separate isolated areas. In the design there is even a special word, which means such actions: zoning. A strict system is necessary not only to allow free movement between beds. Some plants in close proximity can interfere and suppress the growth of each other.
Try to make the beds universal, so they are suitable for growing different plants. Every two or three years their green "inhabitants" need to be replaced in places, as the soil for them becomes too scarce. The versatility of the beds will make it possible not to worry about the permanent transfer of protective structures.
Convenient beds - how and what can be made of
The beds are conventionally divided into two types: ready-made and made by hand. The first option is suitable for those who have no time to build structures. To choose the right material in the store, carefully read the description of the goods, the approximate terms of its operation. Pay special attention to its toxicity. Wood is the easiest option for those who decided to make their own beds. It is easy to clean, environmentally friendly and easy to install. However, in order to prevent premature rotten wood, make sure to impregnate it with a special solution before construction of the structure, which will prolong the life of the material.
After the bed is ready, it is painted in the right color and thus ennobles the appearance of the entire garden economy. Of the brick and mortar, more monumental structures are created. They are installed only if the place under the beds has passed the test of time, and fundamental boundaries are required. Without the use of cement mortar, the bricks simply lay obliquely on each other and partially dig into the ground for reliability. The most budgetary option is considered to be ordinary bottles. Plastic or glass - a choice for the designer. The first just string on metal pins, which they dig into the ground in the manner of a miniature palisade. Glass containers, too, can be poked with a neck into the ground or laid in orderly rows on the side and cemented with cement.
The beds can be made from other improvised means: pieces of slate, polycarbonate, metal mesh, ceramic tiles.
How to combine plants in the garden
Vegetables and flowers live by their own rules and some of their duets are distinguished by a special yield. So, for example, it is recommended to plant calendula next to gooseberry, raspberry, currant. The flower with the help of a sharp smell will protect the bushes from encroachment of the main weed pest - bindweed. The plant, although it looks beautiful, but has the ability to stubbornly creep forward with the purposefulness of the invader, which flattens everything in its path.
With herbs (parsley, dill, salad) are well combined bulbous (daffodils, tulips). The cooperation of marigolds and carrots is fruitful. Not bad get on potatoes and cabbage with nasturtium. In addition to the useful neighborhood is also beautiful. Organic look irises and peonies surrounded by rows of beets or celery. Do not recommend to plant side by side peas with onions, tomatoes and potatoes. Strong hostility to each other also feed dill with carrots and beans with Bulgarian pepper.
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Decoration of a garden with spicy herbs
Spicy herbs used to combine successfully with salad, parsley and cabbage. Now we have a fashion for a combination of fragrant plants with flowers on decorative flower beds. Typically, they are used to brew tea, as a seasoning or home remedy. Spicy grass looks beautiful, exudes a pleasant smell and sometimes even scares off pests.
Actually, the creation of round beds, which are divided into equal sectors. Each of them is sown with a certain type of herbs. Also create multi-tiered compositions, which are decorated with natural stone. Plant spices in brick and wooden beds, not only in the garden, but also near the house in the yard. They give the household farm a well-kept and stylish, modern look.
Design greenhouse
Previously, the frameworks of greenhouses were made of wood, which was covered with a transparent film. The material quickly lost its "marketable appearance" and came into complete disrepair. In our time polycarbonate has replaced the film, and the construction of the structure has become more complex. They necessarily include full doors on hinges and windows on both sides that provide the necessary ventilation.
Under the design greenhouse is meant not only a functional unit, but also an ornament of a landscape picture of a site. The construction itself can be viewed as a separate art object. They create such hothouses according to their own author's drawings or they draw ideas from special sources. It is noteworthy that the more complex the form of shelter for delicate plants, the more original will look the whole site, in which there will be a special zest.
Decorative flower beds
Flowerbeds can be built from any improvised means. In the course are old buckets, basins, barrels, baskets and even umbrellas. Decorate the flower rows with stones, bricks, wood, slate, bottles and gabions. Constructions can be flat or have several tiers, on each of which will grow different flowers. Decoration of a flower bed is perhaps the most creative process in all landscape design. It is not necessary to be limited only to a kitchen garden. Flowerbeds are used in the role of decoration and zoning of the whole area, including the home territory.
A hedge of berry bushes
Berry bushes not only look beautiful, but also give a delicious harvest, which is successfully used for making jam and in compote. In the suburban areas, usually grow blueberries, gooseberries, raspberries, blackberries, currants, honeysuckle, barberry, Japanese quince. Berry bushes are easy to clean and have proven themselves as a hedge.
Decorative green "fence" can decorate the garden or the facade of the house. To make it yourself, it's enough just to plant in a row the bushes with intervals in reserve in case they spread out wide. Over time, the fence will have to be cut and shaped to make the green fence look neat and tidy.
Planning a garden
Gardening is considered by many to be a simpler occupation than gardening. Although the trees require the same kind of care as the plants in the beds. Usually, a garden and a garden do not do without each other, and sometimes they are successfully combined in one zone of a summer residence. When the trees are arranged, they also orient themselves on the composition of the soil and the features of the relief.
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A "dead zone" is created around everyone, which is sowed with a neutral clover or lawn grass. Other plants can too much deprive a young tree, which is not yet strong. In addition, the falling fruits will damage the neighbors "from below." Over time, the tree will grow, its root system will grow stronger, and the crown will create more and more shadow. From the bottom, in any case, nothing will grow except for weeds and common grass.
To avoid the growth of the first, the area is sowed harmless, but aggressive to neighbors mustard. On small plots of garden trees are located directly between the beds. They simultaneously delineate individual zones, and serve as decor. If the area allows, then the garden is placed next to the garden on one side and with a rest area on the other.
Adhere to the golden rule, which states that the area of the garden economy should be twice the size of the garden. This ratio is more easily perceived by the human eye.
Selection of plants and trees
As for species of garden inhabitants, it is recommended to select varieties for the local climate. For example, in the middle latitudes apple, plum, pear, and cherry are well established. In places where slightly warmer it is already possible to grow cherries, apricots, walnuts and peaches. Also do not forget to add a couple of notes of coniferous "exotic" or Russian flavor: spruce, pine, thai, birch. Keep in mind that these trees grow to impressive sizes, so enough pairs of specimens away from home. On open garden areas, roses, magnolias, chubushniki are planted for ornamental purposes. They will create a beautiful picture and add a graceful landscape. You will want to look at such a picturesque landscape without stopping.
House for garden tools
House for garden tools представляет собой небольшое сооружение, в котором хранят лопаты, грабли, тяпки, лейки и прочие средства по уходу за своими угодьями. Его можно купить уже готовым или соорудить самостоятельно. Не рекомендуют собирать домик из кирпича и иного материала, который отличается монументальностью.
Inventory is best stored in a light structure, which can be disassembled at any time and replaced with a fundamentally different one. Thus, you can always slightly adjust the design of the garden. Cramped houses of wooden boards. The whole work will take no more than one day. Inside, the presence of shelves and hooks is mandatory, so that the contents are kept in order. Have lodges either directly near the garden, or next to the rest of the economic buildings.
Conclusion
Design of the garden is an important stage in the design of the landscape. Simply because this site on a couple with the garden usually takes up to 60% of the total area. Such a vast area can not be ignored and left in a well-groomed form and utter disorder. It's enough just to try, and the fascinating process of decoration will drag you headlong.
